When your pup starts sniffling, sneezing, and coughing, you may worry that they picked up your cold. However, cold viruses are generally species-specific, meaning people can share colds among one another, but pets aren’t affected by the same viruses. Canine influenza, on the other hand, is a contagious respiratory infection that can affect dogs of any age, breed, or health status. 

To safeguard your dog against canine influenza, or the dog flu, learn how this virus can spread, the signs the condition causes, and disease transmission prevention. Our Advanced Veterinary Care of Pasco team shares canine influenza facts to help you keep your furry friend healthy and safe.

What is canine influenza?

Canine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. Two main canine influenza strains exist: H3N8 and H3N2. H3N8 was first identified in racing greyhounds in Florida in 2004, while H3N2 originated in Asia and was first detected in the United States in 2015. Both strains can cause similar illness signs in dogs.

How is canine influenza spread?

Canine influenza is primarily spread through an infected dog’s respiratory secretions such as those emitted by coughing, sneezing, or barking. The virus can also be transmitted indirectly through contaminated surfaces such as food and water bowls, toys, or blankets. You can also bring the virus home to your dog on your clothes, shoes, or hands. Dogs who are near infected dogs, such as in kennels, shelters, or dog parks, have a high risk of contracting the virus.

What are canine influenza signs?

Canine influenza signs can vary in severity and may resemble those of other respiratory infections. Common signs include:

  • Coughing — The most common canine influenza sign is a persistent cough. This cough is typically dry, and can range from mild to severe. Dogs with canine influenza may cough frequently, especially after exercise or excitement, and the cough can linger for weeks.
  • Sneezing — Dogs with canine influenza may frequently sneeze and produce nasal discharge. 
  • Nasal discharge — Another common canine influenza sign, nasal discharge may be clear and watery at first but can become thick and mucousy as the illness progresses.
  • Eye discharge — Some dogs with canine influenza develop eye discharge that can cause their eyes to become red and irritated. 
  • Lethargy — Dogs with canine influenza may appear lethargic or depressed, lacking the energy and enthusiasm for activities they usually enjoy.
  • Decreased appetite — Canine influenza can cause a decreased appetite in affected dogs. They may show little interest in their food or treats, and their water intake may also decrease.
  • Difficulty breathing — In severe canine influenza cases, dogs may experience difficulty breathing. This can manifest as wheezing or rapid, labored breathing.

Severe canine influenza cases can lead to fever, secondary bacterial infections, or pneumonia, especially in puppies, elderly dogs, or those with weakened immune systems. Keep in mind that not all affected dogs will exhibit every sign listed above, and the severity can vary from dog to dog. If you notice any of these signs in your dog, especially if they persist or worsen over time, consult with your Advanced Veterinary Care of Pasco veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.

How is canine influenza diagnosed?

Canine influenza resembles many other respiratory infections, so the pathogen responsible for your dog’s illness cannot be diagnosed without testing. If your dog is showing canine influenza or other respiratory infection signs, our team may swab your pooch’s nose and send the sample to an outside lab for analysis. Depending on your dog’s condition, we may also perform blood work and chest X-rays to evaluate their hydration status and to check for pneumonia.

How is canine influenza treated?

If your dog is diagnosed with canine influenza, treatment focuses on relieving illness signs and preventing complications. We may prescribe medications, such as antibiotics or cough suppressants, to alleviate respiratory distress and manage secondary infections. Adequate rest, hydration, and nutrition are also essential for a speedy recovery.

How can I prevent my dog from getting canine influenza?

You can take many steps to prevent your dog from contracting canine influenza. Preventing canine influenza involves several measures to reduce your dog’s exposure risk, including:

  • Vaccination — Vaccines are available for both canine influenza strains. Consult with your Advanced Veterinary Care of Pasco veterinarian to determine if vaccination is recommended for your dog, especially if they are frequently exposed to other dogs in communal settings.
  • Hygiene — Practice good hygiene by regularly washing your hands and cleaning your dog’s belongings, such as bowls, bedding, and toys. Ensure you use a diluted bleach solution or soapy water.
  • Avoidance — Limit your dog’s exposure to sick dogs by avoiding crowded or poorly ventilated areas such as dog parks, boarding facilities, or grooming salons. You should also stay away from coughing dogs since you can carry the virus home to your dog.

By understanding the ins and outs of canine influenza, you can take proactive steps to protect your furry friend’s health and well-being. Consult with our Advanced Veterinary Care of Pasco team about vaccinating your dog for canine influenza, or schedule an appointment if they appear ill.